Terms
Metaphysics
The philosophical study of reality
Idealism
The metaphysical belief that reality is dependent on the mind.
Materialism
The metaphysical belief that reality is independent of the mind (opposite of idealism)
Monism
The metaphysical belief that all things in existence are part of one realm
Dualism
The metaphysical belief that there is a separation of mental and physical realms
Cartesian Skepticism
The idea that we cannot know anything to be true or false. founded by rene descartes?
Agnosticism
The idea that the ultimate reality (i.e. existence of god) is unknowable.
Atheism
Somebody who does not believe there is a god/gods
Deism
A belief in god based upon reason as opposed to revelation or religion
Monotheism / Theism
A belief that there is one god that controls/created the universe
Polytheism
A belief that there are multiple gods that control/created the universe
Pantheism
The belief that all/everything is god
Impossible vs Contingent vs Necessary
There are two kinds of truths, truths of reason and truths of fact. Truths of reason are necessary for the fundamentals of existence, and their opposite is impossible. Truths of fact are contingent, meaning they are based upon truths of necessity. Their opposite is possible.
Theodicies
The vindication of god, philosophical attempt to explain the existence of evil in a world created b y god. Logical/deductive, evidental/inductive, and existential.
Hard Determinists
People who believe that there is no free will and everything is predetermined
Libertarians
People who believe that there is free will and we can control our own actions.
Soft Determinists
A middleground between hard determinists and libertarians, where some things are determined but ultimately we have free will.
Predestination
The belief that all events are willed by god, and the fate of each person is already determined upon creation because god chooses who will go to heaven, therefore sending anyone who is not to hell (?)
Double Predestination
The belief that god chooses both who to send to hell and who to go to heaven, see predestination
Concepts
Ship of Theseus
The ship of theseus is a ship that was used in ancient greece and had some historical significance that i dont remember and dont care enough to look up right now. Eventually the ship started falling apart so they replaced it piece by piece blah blah blah is it still the same ship?
What is real
I dont fucking know man its 2 am
Common Metaphysical Theories (idealism, materialism, monism, dualism)
I already did this bro